Embedded system: printed circuit board with two processors

Symbolbild: Engineering/ F&E komplexer Systeme, z.B. DSP (digitale Signalverarbeitung), GUI (graphische Bedienoberflächen) What does Embedded Mean? What is the Difference between Embedded and IT?

Time to Read 2 min

Everyone is talking about embedded computers and systems. But: what does that mean anyway? How do they differ from the computer on my desk, from IT?

What does Embedded Mean?

Embedded systems or software generally and simply means that control happens by a computer.

Embedded means that the computer is built into e.g. a machine, a vehicle or an aircraft. From the outside such embedded computers are often not recognizable as computers. This is also because the computers are purpose-bound. They can do exactly one task, which can also be very complex, namely control the machine and exchange data (parameters, measured values...) about the machine.

From the technical side, embedded systems often have a specific real-time operating systems (RTOS) or no operating system at all ("bare-metal").

In a broader sense, smartphones, for example, are also considered embedded systems to some extent. Since these are actually generic computers on which any application can run, we would not assign them to the embedded world.

What is the Difference between Embedded and IT?

Here we have compiled the most important differences:

  IT Embedded Reasons for the Difference
Computer Architectures complex
often x86
simple
often ARM-Cortex
space, power consumption (battery), price
Computing and Storage Capacity more or less unlimited very heavily to heavily limited space, power consumption (battery), price
Memory and Peripherals mostly with external memory and peripherals often everything on one chip, SoC (System on Chip) space, power consumption (battery), price
Real-Time Capability none, even audio and video can be jerky guaranteed response times down to the millisecond range

necessary (short) reaction and processing time, uniform control cycle
(the machine to be controlled does not wait for the computer)

Operating Systems more complex and extensible operating systems often simpler and specialized operation systems or none at all ("bare-metal") real-time capability, power consumption (battery), price
Applications any, expandable by the user mostly fixed the computer is purpose-bound for control

Andreas Stucki

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